基于微分同坯映射和扩张状态观测器的鲁棒励磁控制器设计

通过微分同坯映射将仿射非线性系统方程的非线性因素转换到含有控制输入的状态方程,转换后的系统中所有不确定项都归结到扩张状态变量中。利用扩张状态观测器观测该部分,并经状态反馈将其线性化。由于实际系统存在观测误差和模型误差,为了进一步考虑反馈线性之后系统的不确定性,将鲁棒控制引入励磁控制器的设计之中,使得设计的控制器具有更好的鲁棒性,最后在Matlab上进行仿真试验。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Graphene-based Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors with ultrahigh performance

There is a growing demand for hybrid supercapacitor systems to overcome the energy density limitation of existing-generation electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs）, leading to next generation-Ⅱ supercapacitors with minimum sacrifice in power density and cycle life. Here, an advanced graphene-based hybrid system, consisting of a graphene-inserted Li4Ti5O12 （LTO） composite anode （G-LTO） and a three-dimensional porous graphene-sucrose cathode, has been fabricated for the purpose of combining both the benefits of Li-ion batteries （energy source） and supercapacitors （power source）. Graphene-based materials play a vital role in both electrodes in respect of the high performance of the hybrid supercapacitor. For example, compared with the theoretical capacity of 175 mA-h.g-1 for pure LTO, the G-LTO nanocomposite delivered excellent reversible capacities of 207, 190, and 176 mA·1h·g-1 at rates of 0.3, 0.5, and 1 C, respectively, in the potential range 1.0-2.5 V vs. Li/Li＋; these are among the highest values for LTO-based nano- composites at the same rates and potential range. Based on this, an optimized hybrid supercapacitor was fabricated following the standard industry procedure; this displayed an ultrahigh energy density of 95 Wh·kg-1 at a rate of 0.4 C （2.5 h） over a wide voltage range （0-3 V）, and still retained an energy density of 32 Wh·kg-1 at a high rate of up to 100 C, equivalent to a full discharge in 36 s, which is exceptionally fast for hybrid supercapacitors. The excellent performance of this Li-ion hybrid supercapacitor indicates that graphene-based materials may indeed play a significant role in next-generation supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance.     

超声诱致的温度波动对铝合金熔体过冷形核的影响

在7085铝合金凝固过程中施加超声,测量超声作用引起熔体温度的变化,发现施加超声后熔体产生小幅温度波动,研究了该温度波动对铝合金熔体过冷形核的影响。结果表明,超声作用产生的空化泡在增大过程中吸收热量,使得周围熔体温度下降,而空化泡崩溃时释放热量,提高周围熔体温度;试验中超声空化引起的温度升高与降低在熔体局部温度波动值为2～6℃;局部温度波动使熔体形核起始温度从638.4℃提高至644.5℃;熔体过冷形核时,温度的向下波动能增大熔体局部过冷度,使局部熔体最大形核密度由47.1mm-3提高至92.6mm-3;在枝晶生长过程中,温度波动使颈缩的枝晶二次臂更容易熔断,在熔体中增加新的晶核。     

LRAD测量管道内α污染活度的BP网络模拟

针对风速、流量、探源距、测试管管长和管径等因素对核设施退役中管道内α污染测量造成的非线性影响,采用控制变量法开展长距离α测量(Long range alpha detector,LRAD)模拟装置下的多参数影响实验,初步分析了各种因素对系统测量值的影响特征,建立了以影响因素和测量值为输入、放射源活度为输出的BP神经网络模型,分别对948和100组数据进行了模型建立和实例检验,结果说明,预测平均相对误差为3.4218×10–4,实例平均相对误差为2.217×10–2。应用BP网络模型模拟LRAD装置下的α活度是可行且有效的。     

K9玻璃磨削亚表面损伤深度预测模型及实验研究

基于压痕实验原理,建立了K9玻璃亚表面损伤深度预测模型。为获得预测模型中的未知参量,开展了K9玻璃磨削实验。利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测工件磨削后的表面粗糙度值,利用扫描电镜检测磨削后的工件表面微观形貌和亚表面损伤层形貌,分析了工艺参数对表面粗糙度值和亚表面损伤深度的影响规律。考查了工艺参数对法向磨削力的影响规律,并根据实验数据,采用多元线性回归拟合法得到法向磨削力的经验公式,进而确定了亚表面损伤深度预测模型的参数。模型预测值与实验值具有较好的一致性,表明预测模型具有一定的可靠性。     

废干电池和钛白废酸制取锰锌铁氧体研究

中国每年报废上百万吨的废干电池,钛白工业也会产生大量的废硫酸,这不仅浪费了大量的资源,还严重污染了环境。根据废干电池和钛白废硫酸的特点,研究用钛白废硫酸浸出废干电池,通过硫化、氧化加热、置换、水解、氟化等工序净化除杂后,采用共沉淀法制取锰锌铁氧体。产品初始磁导率达8 000 H/m以上,杂质质量分数小于1×10^{- 4}。该工艺以废治废,废物中的主要成分不需相互分离即可制取高附加值的锰锌铁氧体,少量的杂质元素可通过净化脱除并进行处置。     

Numerical Simulation of the Eddy Current Effects on the Arc Splitting Process

This paper focuses on a numerical simulation of the arc plasma behavior in the arc splitting process,considering the eddy currents in the electrodes and the splitter plate.Based on three-dimensional(3D) magneto-hydrodynamic(MHD) theory,a thin layer of nonlinear electrical resistance elements is used in the model to represent the voltage drop of plasma sheath and the formation of new arc root in order to include the arc splitting process in the simulation.In the arcing process,eddy currents in metal parts are generated by a time-varying magnetic field.The arc model is calculated with the time-varying magnetic field term,so that the eddy current effects can be considered.The effect of nonlinear permeability of a ferromagnetic material is also involved in the calculation.Using the simulation results for the temperature,velocity and current density distribution,the arc splitting process is analyzed in detail.The calculated results are compared with the simulation neglecting eddy currents.     

Deformation analysis of shape memory polymer for morphing wing skin under airflow

The method for analyzing the out-of-plane deformation of a flexible skin under airflow is developed in this paper. The aerodynamic analysis is performed using the CFD software, and the structural analysis is performed using finite element method. The chief aim of the present study is to investigate the out-of-plane deformation of the shape memory polymer (SMP) skin at different temperatures. Numerical results show that the maximum out-of-plane displacement of the SMP skin increases with increasing temperature. When the SMP skin is heated to 53°C, the maximum out-of-plane displacement is about 7 mm. It decreases by 72%, when the SMP skin is applied with a uniform pre-strain of 0.1.     

Efficiency of Removing Sulfur Dioxide in the Air by Non-Thermal Plasma Along with the Application of the Magnetic Field

1 IntroductionSO2 is one of the main hazards to human health, andit is the main component of the acidic oxides in the at-mosphere. The menace of the acidic pollution by SO2can be curtailed if it is removed from the air. In recenttime, researchers across the world have been concernedabout efficient removal of SO2.Several techniques have been applied to decompos-ing SO2 in the air in recent years. At present, themain technologies for removing sulfur dioxide include:the gas-phase reaction [1]…     

Simulation of the Process of Arc Energy-Effect in High Voltage Auto-Expansion SF6 Circuit Breaker

A new magnetic hydro-dynamics （MHD） model of arc in H.V. auto-expansion SF6 circuit breaker that takes into consideration nozzle ablation due to both radiation and thermal conduction is presented in this paper. The effect of PTFE （polytetrafluorethylene） vapor is considered in the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations of the constructed model. Then, the gas flow fields with and without conduction considered are simulated. By comparing the aforementioned two results, it is indicated that the arc＇s maximal temperature with conduction considered is 90 percent of that without considering conduction.